The Historical Museum charts the development of Paderborn's Schloß Neuhaus district from its foundation in the Stone Age to its continued existence today. The political, social, religious and economic progress of the district is traced using original artefacts, contemporary chronicles, works of art and folkloric materials, all reinforced with the help of modern media.

One of the museum's main themes is an examination of Neuhaus in its former role as residence for Paderborn's Prince-Bishops, who lived there from 1275 until 1802, for the district owes much to their influence and innovation. The artefacts unearthed in the castle moat- subject of a special exhibition in the museum- provide the visitor with a fascinating insight into the customs and habits of its former inhabitants.